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定义
在主句中做宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。(简单来讲，就是用一个句子充当了另一个句子的宾语)
如：She knew that the teacher had seen the film.
“that the teacher had seen the film”做 knew 的宾语，同时又是由连接词 that 引导的从句，所以它叫做宾语从句。
分类
1.动词宾语从句：顾名思义，它是位于动词后面的宾语从句。
He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class.
他问我们班上谁的书法。
2.介词宾语从句：顾名思义，它是位于介词后面的宾语从句。
I agree with what you said just now.
我同意你刚才说的话。
3.形容词宾语从句：顾名思义，它是位于形容词后面的宾语从句。
I am afraid that I will be late.
恐怕我要迟到了。
语序
无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都必须使用陈述语序，即“主句+连词+宾语从句(主语+谓语+……)”句式。
根据连接词在从句中所担任的不同成分，可分为以下四种：
1)连接词+谓语。连接词在从句中作主语。常见的连接词有：who，what，which等。
Could you tell me who knows the answer，please?
你能告诉我谁知道答案吗?
The small children don"t know what is in their stockings.
这些小孩子不知道袜子里有什么东西?
2)连接词+名词+谓语。连接词在从句中作主语的定语。常见的连接词有：whose，what，which，how many，how much等。
He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class.
他问我们班上谁的书法。
The teacher asked us how many people there were in the room.
老师问我们房间里有多少人。
3)连接词+主语+谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语、状语或表语。常见的连接词有：who(m)，what，which，how many，how much， when，why，how，where，if /whether(在句中不充当任何成分)等。
He hasn"t decided if he"ll go on a trip to Wuxi.
他还没决定是否去无锡旅行。
Could you tell me what I should do with the money ?
你能告诉我我如何处理这笔钱吗?
4)连接词+名词+主语+谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语或表语的定语。常见的连接词有：what，which，how many，how much，how等。
Do you know which class he is in ?
你知道他在哪个班吗?
She asked me if I knew whose pen it was.
她问我是否知道这是谁的钢笔。
连接词
1、由从属连词that引导的宾语从句
注：that 在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分，多数情况下可省略
1)I hear (that) you passed the exam.
2)He said (that) his father was a singer.
3)The teacher told us (that) the sun rises in the east.
引导宾语从句的that在下列情况下一般不省略：
1.That 引导的宾语从句和主句之间有插入语时
Little Alice didn"t know, I"m sure, that her sister was going to America.
我确信，小艾丽斯不知道她的姐姐很快就要去美国了。
We hope, on the contrary, that he will stay at home with us.
恰恰相反，我们希望他和我们呆在家里。
I think, first of all, that we must believe in ourselves.
我认为，尤其重要的是，我们必须对自己有信心。
2. 有间接宾语时。
He told me that he was leaving for Japan.
他告诉我他要去日本。
3. 当一个动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时,此时第一个that可以省略,第二个以及其他的that不可以省略
I hope (that) I can get a good mark and that I can go to collage
He said (that) the book was very interesting and that(不省略) all the children like to read it.
The teacher told the students (that) they should hand in their homework the next day and that the homework must be signed names by their parents.
老师告诉学生他们要在第二天交上作业，并且作业必须由家长签名。
4 .当it 作形式宾语，后接that 引导的宾语从句时。
We have made it clear that we will learn to deal with various difficult problems.
我们已经表明，我们将学会处理各种难题
We took it for granted that they would accept the proposal.
我们想当然地以为他们会接受这个建议的。
5. that从句单独回答问题时。
What did he hear?
他听说了什么事?
That Kate had passed the exam.
(他听说)凯特考试及格了。
6. 介词except ,but ,besides, in 等后跟that 引导的宾语从句时。
The Swede stood quite still, except that his lips moved slightly.
那个瑞典人站着一动不动，只是嘴巴还微微在动。
7.位于句首时。
That our team will win, I believe.
我相信我们队会赢。
8 在较为正式或不常用的动词(如reply, object)后。
He replied that he disagreed.
他回答说他不同意。
2、由从属连词 whether, if 引导的宾语从句(重点掌握)
if/ whether "是否"，说明对陈述的事物不明确或不清楚。常用在ask, wonder, can(could) you tell me 等后。
1)I want to know whether/if he is right.
2)I Ask him whether/if he likes me_.
3)I wonder _whether/if we can get there.
4)Could you tell me whether/if that film is interesting ?
但在下列情况下只能用whether：
①在具有选择意义，又有or或or not时，尤其是直接与or not连用时，往往用whether(if…or not也可以使用)。
Let me know whether /if he will come or not.
=Let me know whether or not he will come.
让我知道他是否能来。
I don"t know whether /if he does any washing or not.
=I don"t know whether or not he does any washing.
我不知道他洗不洗衣服。
I wonder whether we stay or whether we go.
我不知道我们是去还是留。
②在介词之后用whether。
I"m interested in whether he likes English.
我关心的是他是否喜欢英语。
We"re thinking about whether we can finish the work on time.
我们正在考虑是否能按时完成这项工作。
I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.
我担心是否伤了她的感情。
③在不定式前用whether。
He hasn"t decided whether to visit the old man.
他尚未决定是否拜访那位老人。
I don"t know whether to go.
我不知去否。
He hasn"t decided whether to go by bus or by train.
他还未决定是乘公共汽车去还是坐火车去。
④whether置于句首时，不能换用if。
Whether this is true or not，I can"t say.
这是否真的我说不上来。
⑤引导主语从句和表语从句时宜用whether。
Whether she will come or not is still a question.
她是否能来还是个问题。
The question is whether we can catch the bus.
问题是我们能否赶上公共汽车。
⑥若用if会引起歧义时，则用whether。
Please let me know if you like the book.可理解为：
a.Please let me know whether you like the book.
请告诉我你是否喜欢这本书。
b.If you like the book，please let me know.
你如果喜欢这本书，请告诉我。
3.由连接代词
Who,whom,whose,which,what和连接副词 where,how,why,when引导的宾语从句。
这些代词或副词连接主句和从句，并在从句中担任句子成分，具有一定的意义，不可省略。
1)He asked who the man is.
2)Do you know whose book it is?
3)He asked what he could do for that.
4)Do you know which answer is the best?
5)Please tell me where the right way is.
6)Can you tell me how we can get there?
7)Could you tell me when we should meet?
时态
含宾语从句的复合句，主、从句谓语动词的时态呼应应包括以下三点内容：
1)如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句的谓语动词可根据需要，选用相应的任何时态。
I don"t know when he will come back.
我不知道他将何时回来。(从句为将来时)
He tells me that his sister came back yesterday.
他告诉我他姐姐昨天回来了。(从句为过去时)
2)如果主句的谓语动词是过去时，宾语从句的谓语动词只可根据需要，选用过去时态即一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时或过去完成时的某一种形式。如：
She asked me if I knew whose pen it was.
(从句为过去时)
He said that he was listening to the music at that time.
(从句为过去进行时)
3)如果宾语从句所表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象或习惯性动作等，不管主句用什么时态，从句时态都用一般现在时。
The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.
老师说地球绕着太阳转。
4)从句中有具体时间状语，即使从句动作发生在主句动作前，仍用一般过去时。
The teacher told me she was born in 1960.
注意：
if和when既可以引导宾语从句，也可以引导状语从句，应注意它们在两种从句中的意思和用法的不同。
if和when引导宾语从句时，分别意为“是否”和“何时”，其时态应和主句时态相呼应;它们引导状语从句时，意思分别为“如果，假如”和“当……时候”，当主句时态是一般将来时时，其时态用一般现在时。它们常常放在含有状语从句和宾语从句的题干中进行综合考查。
Do you know when he will come back tomorrow ?
你知道他明天什么时候回来吗?
Sorry，I don"t know.When he comes back，I"ll tell you.
对不起，不知道。当他回来了，我将告诉你。
I don"t know if he will come.
我不知道他是否会来。
He will come if it doesn"t rain.
如果不下雨，他会来的。
简化宾语从句常用六法
同学们常会遇到把含有宾语从句的复合句转化为简单句，使其与原句意思相同(或相近)的试题。
下面就介绍几种常用的简化宾语从句的方法：
方法一：当主句谓语动词是hope， decide， wish， choose， agree， promise等，且宾语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为不定式结构。
Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon.
→Li Ming hopes to be back very soon.
We decided that we would help him.
→We decided to help him.
方法二：当主句谓语动词是know， learn， remember， forget， tell等动词，且主句主语与从句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。
She has forgotten how she can open the window.
→She has forgotten how to open the window.
注：当主句谓语动词是tell， ask， show， teach等动词，且后带双宾语，从句主语和间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。
Could you tell me how I can get to the station?
→Could you tell me how to get to the station?
方法三：当主句的谓语动词是order(命令)，require(需要)等时，如果主句和从句的主语不一致，宾语从句可简化为“名词(代词)+不定式”结构。
The headmaster ordered that we should start at once.
→ The headmaster ordered us to start at once.
方法四：某些动词后的宾语从句，可以用介词加动名词(短语)等其他形式简化。
He insisted that he should go with us.
→He insisted on going with us.
The poor boy doesn’t know when and where he was born.
→The poor boy doesn’t know the time and the place of his birth.
方法五：某些动词后面的宾语从句可转化为“宾语+V-ing形式(作宾语补足语)”结构。
Liu Ping found that there was a wallet lying on the ground.
→ Liu Ping found a wallet lying on the ground.
方法六：动词seem后的宾语从句，也可以用不定式(短语)来简化，但句型需要进行适当的变化。
It seemed that the boys were going to win.
→The boys seemed to win.
除上述方法外，还有一些特殊句式的转化。
I found that it was difficult to learn English well.
→I found it difficult to learn English well.
Soon we found that the ground was covered with thick snow.
→Soon we found the ground covered with thick snow.
They found that the box was very heavy.
→They found the box very heavy
口诀
宾语从句三姊妹,that，if/whether,wh-/how展风采
展风采有三关，引导词、语序、时态在把关
主从时态要一致，陈述语序永不变
陈述请你选that，疑问需用if/whether连
特殊问句作宾从，原来问词不用换
三关过后莫得意，人称、标点需注意
留意变脸的if/when，从句的简化记心间
