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2016年6月英语四级阅读答案及解析（卷三新东方版）
选词填空部分历来被看作是阅读部分中最难的一部分，但是并没有同学们想象的那样高不可攀，因为如果大家研读过考纲就会发现，该部分考查词汇的侧重点不在单词意思本身，而在词性的考查，考查语法的重点也不是什么高难度的句型和语法，而在实词成分的判定。而这两部分都是大家可以提前准备的，也是南京新东方老师们课堂上已经给大家总结好的。只要大家按照课上所讲的答题步骤和技巧去练习，严格控制答题时间，该部分拿个不错的分数也不是很难。下面我们先回顾一下课我们课堂上所讲的选词填空的解题步骤吧。
解题步骤 读首段首句抓主题句。考纲明确指出首段首句不会设空，以便考生能迅速了解文章主题。 整理选项标词性。15个选项中肯定有自己认识的单词，也有不认识的。认识的单词标出词性问题不大，关键是不认识的单词如何处理。我们课上讲过，不认识的单词分两种，一种是可以通过单词的后缀去猜想的单词，一种是纯不会的单词，无后缀可猜。那么我们首先肯定是勾兑出自己认识的单词，一般为中高考范围内词汇，并标出词性。其次，勾兑那些通过后缀可以判断词性的单词。考纲中明确规定，选词部分只对四类单词进行考查，形容词、动词、名词和副词。只要熟记课上我们给大家总结的这四类词常见的后缀判断法，那么这类单词的词性不难判断。也就是说，即使我们不认识一部分单词是什么意思，但依然能准确判断词性。对于纯不会的单词也不于纠结，先放在那里，我们说长难词不是选词考查的重点，无技巧可猜的单词很可能是作为干扰选项，我们可以用排除法做。 回到原文，缺什么成分补什么成分，一般只读空格句。由于该部分分配到的时间有限，且它相对完形来讲，相对弱化语境，所以我们没有必要一句一句地读，而一般只需读空格前后。语法不好的同学也不必担心，因为该部分的语法点只会考查最基础的名动形副成分的判定，这部分课上也是给大家总结过的。 选词。不要指望一步到位，我们要在有限的时间里拿到分数，这一步一定要注意我们选词的顺序。当词性判断好，最后排除剩下两个单词，一个认识，一个不认识时，一定首先考虑将我们认识的单词带入原文，如果意思合适就选该单词，如果不合适，选择不认识的那个单词。 真题解析Physical activity does the body goodand there"s growing evidence that it helps the brain too. Researchers in the Netherlandsreport that children who get more exercise, whether at school or on their own,_26_to have higher GPAs and better scores on standardized tests. In a_27__of 14 studies that looked at physical activity and academic _28_, investigators found thatthe more children moved, the better their grades were in schools,__29_in the basic subjects of math, Englishand reading.
The data will certainly fuel the ongoing debate over whether physical education classes should be cut as schoolsstruggle to _30_on smaller budgets. The arguments against physical education have included concerns that gym time may be taking away from study time. With standardized test scores in the U.S __31_in recent years, some administrators believe students need to spend more time in the classroom instead of on the playground. But as these findings show, exercise and academics may not be _32_ exclusive . Physical activity can improve blood _33__to the brain, fueling memory, attention and creativity , which are _34__to learning. And exercise releases hormones that can improve __35__and relieve stress, which can also help learning. So while it may seem as if kids are just exercising their bodies when they’re running around, they may actually be exercising their brains as well.
A )attendance B)consequently C) currentD)depressing
E)dropping F)essential G)feasible H)flow I)mood
J)mutually K)particularly L)performance M)review
N)survive O)tend
答案速查：
26.O）tend
27.M) review
28.L) performance
29.K)particularly
30.N)survive
31.E)dropping
32.J)mutually
33.H)flow
34.F)essential
35.I)mood
题目详解：
首先，我们读下首段首句。本文主要讲的是体育锻炼不仅对身体有益，对大脑也是有好处的。
第二，我们整理一下选项，标出词性。首先标出认识的单词，相信下列单词一定是大多数同学都认识的，因为是中考高范围内的词汇。第一组单词如下：
B)consequently adv.
E)dropping v.
F)essential a.
H)flow v./n.
I)mood n.
K)particularly adv.
L)performance n.
M)review n./v.
N)survive v.
O)tend v.
其次，根据后缀猜一部分单词。第二组单词如下：
A )attendance n.
D)depressing v./a.
G)feasible a.
J)mutually adv.
另外就是纯不认识的单词，第三组单词如下：
C) current
第三，回到原文，只读空格句。
26题：该空所在句可以简化成children who get more exercise ___ to have higher GPAs， 主语children,且全文为一般现在时，此处缺原形动词，符合条件对选项有HMNO,根据文意，该句要表达的意思是“经常锻炼的孩子往往GPA也高”，故符合条件对只有O) 选项，tend to do “倾向于，往往”。
27题：in a ___ of 14 studies, 此处需要的单词为可数名词单数形式，观察第一组认识的选项HILM中，只有M) review代入， a review of 表示“回顾”，故答案为M.
28题: physical activity and academic___，空格前的and表示并列，故判定该处缺名词，在认识的第一组单词中排查，还有选项HIL，根据文意，该处表示“学业表现”的意思，故答案为L.
29题：该处缺副词，符合条件的第一组单词中有BK，根据文意，要表达的意思是“锻炼越多，成绩越好，尤其在一些基础学科”，故答案为K.
30题：struggle to___on small budgets,不难看出，该处需要一个原形动词，优先排查第一组认识的单词，HN符合条件，再结合文意，表达“依靠很少的预算努力过活”，故答案为N)survive.
31题：with standardized test scores in the US___in recent years, 该处考查with表示伴随状态的用法，with+名词+现在分词，该结构表示动作的主动和进行。后文说“学校管理者认为学生应该花更多的时间在教室里而不是操场上”，显然空格所在句要表达的意思是“学习成绩下降”， with scores dropping 符合题意和语法结构，故答案为E.
32题：该处缺副词，先看第一组单词，B)consequently 表示“因此”的意思，代入后“但研究表明，成绩和锻炼并不因此排斥”，看似能说得通，但与前一句并不构成因果关系，故排出，再排查第二组靠后缀猜的单词中J) mutually 是副词，尽管不认识是“相互地”的意思，但也能用排除法选出答案为J. 这里表示“成绩和锻炼不相互排斥”。
33题：improve blood ___ to the brain.根据文意，应该表达改善血流量。该处为名词修饰名词，flow（流量）符合题意，故答案为H.
34题：which are ___ to learning , 该处需要形容词，第一组单词中F)essential (重要的)符合题意，代入文意为：对学习很重要，故答案为F.
35题：该空缺名词，第一组认识的单词中I) mood (情绪) 代入为“改善情绪”符合题意，故答案为I.
通过对真题的分析，我们不难发现，选词部分考察的重点是词汇和语法，但这并不意味着同学们需要识记海量单词和弄通多么高深的语法知识。词汇的考查重点在于词性的判断，语法只需掌握名词、动词、形容词和副词四大类词性成分的判定即可，而这一部分的知识点正是我们课堂上给大家总结过的。另外，动词和名词依然是重点考查的词性。
三、备考建议
鉴于选词部分在阅读中的比例只占5%， 建议同学们在该部分投入的时间控制在5-7分钟。如果花费时间过长，势必会影响后面的仔细阅读，得不偿失。
答题顺序建议放在整个阅读部分的最后做。对于习惯按顺序答题的同学，尽量控制好答题速度，不要恋战。
解题步骤要点：1）抓主题句 （首段首句必出主题句 ）
2）整理选项，标词性 （眼熟的先勾兑，眼生的靠后缀）
2）回原文，缺啥补啥 （一般只看空格句，名动形副一锅端）
4）选词拿分 （千万不要犹犹豫豫，我已努力其他随天意）
表1: 四大词性常见后缀
常见后缀
名词
-ion, -age, - ness, -ty , -ship, -ance, -ancy, -ence, -dom，-ism
动词
-ize, -fy，-ate，-en
形容词
-ive, -ent, -ful, -ous, -able, -ic, -cal, -less
副词
-ly
表2： 四大词性语法成分判定
语法成分判定
名词
a.冠词a, an, the 的后面
b.介词in, on, from…的后面
c．形容词的后面
动词
一个句子是否缺谓语动词显而易见，关键在判断动词的形式
时态现在时：考虑是原形动词还是三单形式动词（根据主语单复数）过去时：考虑加-ed
语态主动和被动形容词
名词的前面 副词的后面副词
动词的附近（指前面或后面） 形容词的前面 句首或句尾。（一个句子成分完整，什么成分都不缺）讲到这里，大家是否还觉得选词部分“高不可攀”呢？希望大家能够把握好选词填空5%的比重，提高阅读单项的得分点，同时预祝大家在四、六级英语考试中都能取得理想的成绩！
第三套
Section C Passage1
Robot
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46. What does the author say about the threat of robots?
A. It may constitute a challenge to computer programmers.
B. It accompanies all machinery involving high technology.
C It can be avoided if human values are translated into their language.
D. It has become an inevitable peril as technology gets more sophisticated.
答案：C
解析：题干问，关于机器人的威胁，作者说了什么啥？根据题干中的robot threat以及顺序原则（第一题对应原文第一段），that robots could become a threat. 继续往后看This danger can be avoided…据此可以判定答案选C。
47. What would we think of a person who invades our personal space according to the author?
A. They are aggressive
B. They are ignorant
C. They are outgoing
D. They are ill-bred
答案：D
解析：题干问，我们会怎么看待入侵我们空间的人？根据题干的personal space可以定位到原文第四段的末尾，根据原文的you wouldn’t think that’s the kind of thing a properly brought-up person would do可以确定答案为D。
48. How do robots learn human value？
A. By interacting with human in everyday life situations.
B. By following the daily routines of civilized human beings.
C. By picking up patterns from massive data on human behavior.
D. By imitating the behavior of properly brought-up human beings.
答案：C
解析：题干问机器人如何学习人类的价值？根据题干中的human values以及顺序原则可以定位到原文第6段，根据Robots could also learn values from drawing patterns from large sets of data on human behavior可以确定答案选C
49. What will a well-programmed robot do when facing an unusual situation?
A. Keep a distance from possible dangers.
B. Stop to seek advice from a human being.
C. Trigger its built-in alarm system at once.
D. Do sufficient testing before taking action.
答案:C
解析：题干问当面临一个非常规情景时，具有良好编程的机器人会怎么办？根据题干中的unusual situation可以定位原文第8段段尾，根据正向的逻辑关系，需要继续读第9段，确定答案选C
50. What is most difficult to do when we turn human values into a programmable code?
A. Determine what is moral and ethical
B. Design some large-scale experiment
C. Set rules for man-machine interaction
D. Develop a more sophisticated program
答案：A
解析：题干问当我们将人类价值转变为程序代码时面临的困难是什么？这是最后一题，对应原文最后一段，根据The most difficult step in programming values will be deciding exactly what we believe is moral, and how to create a set of ethical rules.可以确定答案选A。
第三套
Passage 2 性格与寿命
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51. The aim of the study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society is ______
A. to see whether people’s personality affects their life span
B. to find out if one’s lifestyle has any effect on their health
C. to investigate the role of exercise in living a long life
D. to examine all the factors contributing to longevity
51. A 主旨题。由专有名词 定位至第一段末句，题目问的是研究目的是什么，去前一句找答案，问句中提到personality与longevity的关系，这个研究就是围绕二者关系展开的，纵观四个选项，A项提到personality 和life span，故答案为A.
B项lifestyle，C项the role of exercise 文中均没有提到，属于无关信息，D项all the factors （所有因素），而文中只提到了性格与寿命的关系，故排除。在此提醒各位考生，对于过于绝对化的选项，选择的时候一定要慎重，多为干扰选项。
52. What does the author imply about outgoing and sympathetic people?
A. They have a good understanding of evolution
B. They are better at negotiating an agreement
C. They generally appear more resourceful
D. They are more likely to get over hardship
52.D 根据顺序定位原则和题干关键词outgoing and sympathetic people定位到第二段末句，those who like to make friends and help others can gather enough resources to make it through tough times. 纵观四个选项，D项get over hardship 是对make it through tough times 的同义替换，故为答案。
A项 evolution B项agreement均为非定位区间的干扰信息，C项干扰性较强，并不是appear resourceful, 而是拥有资源以使他们渡过难关，语意的重点在to do后面。
53. What finding of the study might prove somewhat out of our expectation?
A. Easy-going people can also live a relatively long life
B. Personality characteristics that prove advantageous actually vary with times
C. Such personality characteristics as self-discipline have no effect on longevity
D. Readiness to accept new ideas helps one enjoy longevity
53.C题干问这项研究成果能或多或少证实我们的哪些期望？题对段的顺序原则可以定位到原文第三段，根据原文的Increasingly, however, other characteristic that you might consider advantages had no impact on whether study participants were likely to live longer.判定选C。
54. What does the recent study of Norwegian mothers show?
A. Children’s personality characteristics are invariably determined by their mothers
B. People with unhealthy eating habits are likely to die sooner
C. Mothers’ influence on children may last longer than fathers’
D. Mothers’ negative personality characteristics may affect their children’s life spans.
54.D题干问关于挪威妈妈们的研究显示了啥？根据题干中的挪威妈妈，很快可以定位到原文倒数第二段，根据原文That study looked at nearly 28,000 Norwegian mothers and found that, 这里的found that是关键词，上过我课同学都应该知道的，它后面就是答案。所以这一题选D。
55. What can we learn from the findings of the two studies?
A. Anxiety and depression more often than not cut short one’s life span
B. Longevity results from a combination of mental and physical health
C. Personality plays a decisive role in how healthy one is.
D. Health is in large part related to one’s lifestyle
55.B原文：Personality isn’t destiny (命运), and everyone knows that individuals can learn to change. But both studies show that long life isn’t just a matter of your physical health but of your mental health.
题干问从这两项新的研究成果可以得出什么？这是最后一题，根据题对段的顺序原则，应该从原文最后一段找答案，根据But both studies show that long life isn’t just a matter of your physical health but of your mental health.确定答案选B。
根据以上解析，我们清楚的看到，大部分的仔细阅读题，主要还是靠定位，此处附上定位的标准步骤以及仔细阅读的做法：
定位方法
读题干，划出定位词(名词(专名)/人名/引言/关键性动词/原因/三个为佳)，然后按照顺序原则(即第一题对应第一段，以此类推)定位到原文的相应段落，然后精读/分析，后答题。
仔细阅读做法
①先读题，了解题干信息→②划定位词（大写/人名/关键性动词/名词）→③按顺序原则回原文定位，找到区间，答案不跨段，一定在定位区间附近，所以上读读，下读读→④根据区间分析选项→⑤综合运用阅读文章的技巧和排除法
记忆重要的特征词
表递进Also/ still/ besides/ except/ in addition/ additionally/ what’s more/ moreover/ furthermore/ in particular/ particularly/ especially/ specially;
表因果because/since/reason/factor/given to/ due to/owing to thanks to/ So/therefore/thereby/hence/thus/as a result/ in a word/ finally/ consequently/
表解释that is/that is to say/that means/I mean/in other words
专家Experts/Professor/Researcher/Scientist/artist/psychologist
表转折but / however / yet / nevertheless / on the contrary / whereas
表让步although / though / even if / even though / despite / in spite of
其他特征词Recently/today/be called as/be known as/define/stress/focus/research indicates/study suggests/found that
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