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??学习形容词和副词应该了解其语法功能，包括其在句中的作用、位置、比较级和级等等。此外，学会使用形容词和副词的一些常用句型也十分必要，它能帮助我们更好地理解句子及篇章；在写作中应用地道的句型更能为文章争光添色。以下为常用句型归纳。
??1．“the ＋ 形容词”的两种用法
??“the＋形容词”既可以等同于复数普通名词，也可以等同于抽象名词，代表一类人或事。例如：
The rich are apt to look down upon the poor.富人常常轻视穷人。
The poet had an yearning for the supernatural.诗人憧憬超自然的东西。
??这种用法也可以适用于“the＋现在分词”及“the＋过去分词”。例如： The unexpected always happens. 天有不测风云。
??The wounded and the dying were rushed to hospital. 受伤的人和垂死的人被急送到医院去了。
2．“the＋ 比较级＋理由”
??该句型具有“更加”的意思。常以“all (或much) the＋ 比较级”的形式出现。例如：
??I am the more inclined to help him because he is poor. 因为他穷，我更想帮他。
??It is all the more dangerous for not being generally recognized as such. 一般不认为危险的，反而更加危险。
??3．“the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...”。该句型的意思为“越……越……”。例如：
??The more he flatters me,the less I like him.他越是迎合我，我越不喜欢他。
??The higher the mountain is, the more people like to climb it; the more dangerous the mountain is, the more they wish to conquer it.山越高，人越想爬；山越危险，人越想征服它。
??这种句型常用省略说法，例如：
??The sooner,the better.越快越好。
??More haste,less speed. 欲速则不达。
??4．“the last＋不定式/形容词从句”。该句型的意思是“最不大可能的、最不适的”。例如：Money is the last thing he wants,and you won?t succeed by offering it.他决不要钱，你想用钱去买动他是决不可能的。
??The author should be the last person to talk about his work.作者最不宜讨论他的作品。
??5．“so＋形容词/副词＋that”
??在“so”后接形容词和副词表示因果关系，“that”之前表示原因，“that”之后表示结果。例如：
??Those ponds and streams are so small that they cannot be shown in your maps.那些池塘和小溪太小，所以你的地图上没有。
??He had lived so long in Asia that he had forgotten his English way of life. 他在亚洲住得太久，所以英国的生活习惯都已经忘记了。
??6．“so much so that”
??该句型与句型5的意思一样，可理解为“如此……以至于”例如：
??The patient was very tired when he returned from the ride, so much so that he could not sit up.病人坐车回家时非常疲倦，疲倦得甚至不能坐起来。
??He is poor, so much so that he can hardly get enough to live.他很穷，穷得几乎难以生活下去。
??7．“more＋原级＋than”
??这种句型一般用来将不同性质加以比较，可以理解为“与其说……不如说”。例如：
??He is more witty than wise.与其说他聪明，不如说他机智。
??He is more dead than alive. 与其说他活着，不如说他死了。
??8．“much more”和“much less”
??以上两种表达法都有“更加”的意思。“much more”用于肯定句，表示程度加强；“much less”用于否定句，表示程度减少。例如：
??I like music,much more dancing.我喜欢音乐，更喜欢跳舞。
??I don"t like music,much less dancing.我不喜欢音乐，更不喜欢跳舞。
??9．“would sooner(rather)...than”和“ would as soon...as”
??以上两个句型均可理解为“宁愿……也不”。例如：
??He would rather(sooner) resign than take part in such dishonest business deals.他宁可辞职也不干这种不正当的勾当。
??I would as soon die as disgrace myself.我宁死不受辱。
??10．“no sooner...than”、“hardly...when”和“scarcely... before”
??以上三个句型的意思是“一……就”。应当注意的是，在以上句型中，句子的前半部分一般用过去完成时，而后半部则用一般过去时。该句型通常采用倒装语序。例如：
??No sooner had I opened the cage than the little bird flew out.=Scarcely(Hardly) had I opened the cage before (when ) the little bird flew out.我一开笼小鸟就飞出去了。
??11．“anything but”、“nothing but”和 “all but”
??英语中，“anything but”=never,“nothing but”=only,“all but”=almost,nearly。例如：
??He is anything but a scientist.他决不是科学家。
??I am nothing but a student.我不过是个学生。
??He is all but a fool.他几乎是个傻瓜。
??12．“prior to”、“superior to”、“inferior to”、“senior to” 和“junior to”
以上几个形容词表示比较时后面用“to”不用“than”。“prior to”意思是早于，比……重要；“superior to”意思是优于，高于；“inferior to”意思是次于 ；“senior to ”意思是年长于，地位高于；“junior to”意思是年幼于，地位低于，迟于。例如：
??The task is prior to all others.这项任务比其他所有的任务都重要。
??I called on him prior to my departure.动身前我去看了他一趟。
??In maths he felt superior to John. 他觉得自己数学比约翰强。
??They were resolved to rise superior to every obstacle.他决心战胜一切困难。
??These apples are inferior in flavor to those. 这些苹果的味道不如那些。
??He is two years senior to me. 他比我大两岁。
??Her appointment is junior to mine by six weeks.她的任命比我迟六个星期。
??Exercises:Translate the following into Chinese.
??1.The accused held back the names of his partners.
??2.We are apt to accept the obvious too easily.
??3.The more things a man is interested in, the more opportunities of happiness he has.
??4.If he doesn"t understand English,it is all the better for you.
??5.Romantic is the last thing I am.
??6.He spoke English so fluently that every one was astonished.
??7.He is ignorant so much that he cannot read his own name.
??8.He is more bold than strong.
??9.Every one has a right to enjoy his liberty,much more his life.
??10.I do not even suggest that he is negligent,much less that he is dishonest.
Key to the exercises:
??1.被告不肯说出同谋者的名字。2.我们容易接受明显的东西。3.人对越多的事物发生兴趣，便获得越多幸福的机会。4.如果他不懂英语，那对你更好。5.我决不是浪漫的人。6.他英语说得那样流利，大家都惊呆了。7.他非常无知，甚至连自己的名字都不认识。8.与其说他刚强，不如说他大胆。9.人人都有享受自由的权利，生命更加如此。10.我甚至没暗示说他玩忽职守，更没说他欺诈。
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