【www.tingchehu.com--高二】
1. represent vt .象征；代表，表现，描绘，体现
【单词家族】representation n. 代表,代表权;代理人representive adj. 典型的,代表性的 n.典型,代表,代理人
1) represent to…向…表示;交涉
represent….as….把…描绘成
represent oneself as/ to be ….自称是…/声言…
represent sth to sb. 向某人说明某事
2)make representations to….与…交涉;向…提出*
辨析：represent；stand for；on behalf of
1) represent用来表示代表某人/某个团体/政府等，某种标志代表什么，某物表现的是什么或把某物描绘成什么。represent 表示形式上“代表”，实际上只起象征意义时可与stand for互换， represent也可表示实际“代表”某人或某组织参加某活动。
2) on behalf of 只能用作状语，表示“代表或代替某人做某事”。
3)stand for 常用来表示(字母、数字、符号)代表或象征什么。
2.curious adj好奇的,奇特的;稀奇古怪的,难以理解的
【单词家族】curiosity n. 好奇心,求知欲;奇物,珍品
1) be curious to do sth 极想做某事
be curious about stn对…感到好奇
be curious + that 从句 …很反常
2) out of curiosity. 出于好奇
meet/satisfy one’s curiosity. 满足某人好奇心
with curiosity= curiously 好奇地
辨析：curious; eager; anxious; worried
1) curious 对…好奇。
2)anxious着重“担心;焦急”;而eager表“期待”、“急于”或“进取的热情”。eager 和anxious 都有“渴望的，急于”的意思，但略有不同，anxious着重指焦急、着急、担心的心情，eager着重指对成功的期望或进取的热情。
但两者有时都可译作“急于”。习惯搭配：be anxious about“担心”， be eager for“渴望”。
3)worried作“担忧”时，与anxious基本相同。常用：be worried about…为…发愁/着急。
【直击高考】1.Don"t be too ____ about things you are not supposed to know. (NMET/上海/1998)
A.strange B.amusing C.curious D.conscious
2. about wild plants that they decided to make a trip toMadagascarfor further research.( 05江苏)
A.So curious the couple was
B.So curious were the couple
C.How curious the couple were
D.The couple was such curious
3. People have always been about exactly how life on earth began.( 10天津)
A. curious B. excited C. anxious D. careful
4. —Would you mind my coming over and having a look at your new garden? My little son’s curious about those roses you grow. 〖05湖北〗
3. approach接近,靠近;走近n.接近;方法;途径
at the approach of…在…快到的时候
an approach to 接近;…的方法/途径/态度
approach sth./ sb. 靠近;接近某物/人
make an approache to sb. 接近某人
an approach to the grammar 一本语法入门的书
all the approaches to a place 通往某地的所有途径
辨析：approach；way; means; method
四者都有“方式;方法;途径”之意，但approach侧重于接人待物或思考问题的方式;way为一般用语;means指可以得到结果的方法;method指有规律的、有条理的做法。
【思维拓展】1) 表示“做…的方法”常用固定搭配：
the approach to (doing) sth.
the way to do s th./ of (doing)sth.
the means of (doing) sth.
the method of (doing) sth
2) 与不同的介词搭配：with this method; in this way; by this means。
【直击高考】1.At the meeting they discussed three different ___ to the study of mathematics. (2006湖北)
A. approaches B. means C. methods D. ways
2. The system has been designed to give students quick and easy____ to the digital resources of the library.（2009浙江）
A. access B. passage C. way D. approach
3. the city center, we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height.(10上海)
A. Approaching B. Approached
C. To approach D. To be approached
4. Nine in ten parents said there were significant differences in their approach to educating their children compared with that of their parents. （2009江苏）
4. defend vt.保卫；保护defence n.防御；保卫;防护
defend...against... 保护……，防御……
defend...from(harm) 保护……不受(伤害)
in defence of …为了捍卫….
defend one"s argument 为某人的论点辩护
in sb’s/ sth’s defence 替某人辩护/提某事辩解
defense works 防御工事，防御工程
a defense satellite 防御卫星
legal defence 正当防卫
辨析：defend, guard, protect
三者都有“保护”之意。
1) defend是普通用语，用在军事上，指，防御;保卫”，用于非军事意义时，指“保护;辩护”。defend常见的搭配为:to defend sb/sth against/from... ; defend oneslf 自卫
2) guard指“守卫;监视;戒备”，通常侧重指警惕性非常高地防 范或戒备潜在的危险。宾语后面可跟介词 against 或from;表示保护某人或某物免受某种威胁等，也可用作不及物动词，后面直接跟against,表示防范、防止某事的发生。
3) protect侧重表示提供各种保护手段或设施，以防遭受危险或伤害，或防御风雨、寒冬、烈日、疾病等的侵袭。
【即景活用】
(1)We should ______ the child ______ harm.
(2)Their duty is to ______the country______its enemies.
(3)It’s our duty to ________ our country when it is attacked by the enemy.
A.guard B.protect C.prevent D.defend
5. function n.作用；功能；职能v.起作用；运转
the function of the handle 把手的功用
abuse one’s functions 滥用职权
perform the function of …执行…的功能
6. ease n.安逸；舒适v.减轻痛苦/忧虑
at ease 舒适;快活;自由自在 At ease!稍息(口令)
feel/ be at ease 感到舒适而无忧虑;完全放松
with ease 容易的;无困难的
ease one’s pain 缓解疼痛
ease one’s mind 使某人安心
look at ease看上去心情放松
put/set sb. at one‘s ease 使某人放松、松弛
take one’s ease 休息，轻松一下
【即景活用】
(1)He passed the examination ____________.他轻松地通过了考试。
(2)I never feel completely _________ with him.我跟他在一起总感到不是很自在。7. in general总的来说；通常
【单词家族】generally adv.一般地;通常地;普遍地
in general，… 总的来说/一般来说，……
The general opinion is that…普遍认为……
It is generally believed that…普遍认为……
Generally speaking… 总的来说/一般而言……
as a general rule….一般而言;通常
general knowledge 常识
a general hospital/ manager 综合医院/ 总经理
【思维拓展】
on the whole 总的来说
generally speaking 一般说来
as a whole 就整体上来看
in a word 总之
【直击高考】1.______,the more expensive the camera, the better its quality. (2005/全国III)
A. General speaking B. Speaking general
C. Generally speaking D. Speaking generally
2. The limits of a person’s intelligence, generally speaking, are fixed at birth, but whether he reaches these limits will depend on his environment. (2012安徽)
8. lose face丢脸
【思维拓展1】face短语用法归纳:
1) be faced with 面临
2) face to face (with) 面对面，面临，当面
3) save face 保全面子
【思维拓展2】lose短语归纳:
lose heart 泄气;灰心 lose one’s heart to 爱上;钟情于
lose weight 减肥 lose one’s way 迷路
lose one’s life 丧生 lose courage 丧失勇气
lose sight of 看不见
【直击高考】
1. Faced with a bill for $10,000, ___.(06陕西)
A. an extra job has been given to John
B. the boss has given John an extra job
C. an extra job has been taken
D. John has taken an extra job
2. _____with so much trouble,we failed to complete the task on time. (06四川)
A.Faced B.Face C.Facing D.To face
9. turn one’s back to …背对；背弃
【思维拓展】“动词+ back”短语归纳：
turn back 往回走;折回 come back 回来;折回
keep back 隐瞒，忍住 hold back 控制住
look back on/upon 回顾;回忆 call back 回电话
take back 拿回，收回;带回 give back 归还
fight back 还击;还手 bring back 归还
look back 回头看 get back 找回;返回;回家
put back 放回原处;延期推迟
【直击高考】You can take anything from the shelf and read, but please ___ the books when you’ve finished with them. (2004全国I)
A. put on B. put down C. put back D.put off
2. —Goodbye, John. Come back again sometime.（2012四川） —Sure. ______.
A. I did B. I do C. I shall D. I will
3. When you’ve finished with that book, don’t forget toput it back on the shelf, will you? （07北京）
4. I’m sorry you’ve been waiting so long, but it’ll still be some time before Brian gets back. (08北京)
10. be likely to do sth.很可能；有希望做….
likely 强调表面上看来有可能，与 probable 意思接近，有时可以互换，但 likely 常暗示从表面迹象来判断。常用句型：
sth./ sb. is likely to do sth. 某人可能做某事
(不能说It is likely for sb. to do sth.)
It is likely that…有可能.....
not likely (坚决不同意)绝不可能，绝对不会
【注意】likely做副词的时候多和most, very连用。
辨析：likely; probable; possible
1) probable 表示有几分根据的推测，比 possible 表示的可能性大。probable 不能是人作主语，只能用It is probable for sb sto do sth. It is probable that …“有可能…. ”。
2) 表示客观上潜在的可能性，也许实际发生的可能性并不大。possible不能用人作主语，可用于两种句型：
It is possible for sb to do sth. 某人可能做某事;
It is possible that …“有可能…. ”。
sth. is possible
as quickly/much/soon...as possible
【即景活用】
(1)It is _________ that it will rain, but with such a blue sky it doesn’t seem ___________.
(2)The weather is ______________ to be fine.
(3)It is _________ for us to get fromBeijingtoTianjinin less than an hour.
【直击高考】1. It is impossible for so ____ workers to do so____ work in a single day. (MET1988)
A. few; much B. few; many
C. little; much D. little; many
2. People are encouraged to speak openly, but careless words are ________ to hurt others’ feelings.
A. possible B. probable C. likely D. sure
3. Someone who lacks staying power and perseverance is unlikely to a good researcher.( 06山东)
A.make B.turn C.get D.grow
4.—Would she mind playing against her former teammates?(10浙江)
— She is willing to play against any tough players.
A. I think so. B. I’m not surprised.
C. Of course. D. Not likely!
5. Studies show that people are more to suffer from back problems if they always sit before computer screens for long hours. (10陕西)
A. likely B. possible C. probable D. sure
11. Not all cultures greet each other the same way, nor are they comfortable in the same way with touching or distance between people.各种文化背景下人们互致问候的方式不尽相同，身体接触和相互间距离的程度也并不一样。
【思维拓展】
(1)not all...是部分否定，与 not构成部分否定的词还有：both, every, everyone, everywhere, everybody, everything, always, entirely, wholly, altogether。Not every student passed the exam.并非所有的学生都通过了考试。
Not all of us can speak English.并非我们都会说英语。提示：表示全部否定的词有：none, nobody, neither, never, nothing, nowhere, no one, not at all。
all→ none (一个人也没有、没有任何东西);
both→ neither (两个都不);every→ no(没有，不是);everyone→ no one(没有人);everything→ nothing(什么也没有)等。
I like neither of the books. 这两本书我都不喜欢。
【即景活用】
The following sentences that have the same meaning are _______.
a.All is not gold that glitters.
b.None is gold that glitters.
c.All that glitters is not gold
.d.Not all gold glitters.
A.b，c B.a，c C.c，d D.a，b
(2)本句后半句是nor引起的倒装句，nor位于句首时，句子需要部分倒装。即把助动词，情态动词，系动词放在主语前面，而真正谓语动词在后面。
归纳拓展：含有否定意义的词置于句首往往引起部分倒装：①含有否定意义的副词放在句首，如：not, never, seldom, hardly, rarely, little 等. ②含有否定意义的连词置于句首，如： neither...nor, no sooner...than..., scarcely...when..., hardly...when...等。③含有否定意义的介词短语置于句首，如： by no means, in no time, in no case, on no account等.【直击高考】1. Bill wasn"t happy about the delay of the report by John, and ______.(2008·辽宁)A.I was neither B.neither was I
C.I was either D.either was I
2. He had lost his temper and his health in the war and never found________of them again. (2010·重庆)
A.neither B.either C.each D.all
3. –––I would never come to this restaurant again. The food is terrible! （04全国III）
–––______________.
A. Nor am I B. Neither would I
C. Same with me D. So do I
4. Never before seen anybody who can play tennis as well as Robert. (2012江西)
A.had she B.she had C.has she D.she has
5. Jane won’t join us for dinner tonight and . （2011全国） A. neither won’t Tom B. Tom won’t either
C. Tom will too D. so will Tom
6. -Wow! You’ve got so many clothes.
-But _____ of them are in fashion now .（2009上海）
7.—Which of the two computer games did you prefer?
—Actually I didn’t like ______. (2008全国I)
A. both of them B. either of them
C. none of them D. neither of them
8. It was hard for him to learn English in a family, in which __ of the parents spoke the language.(北京2008)
A. none B. neither C. both D. each
9. The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the jobs for which they are being trained.(05江西)
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